ESPEYB17 3. Thyroid Thyroid and pregnancy (1 abstracts)
3.4. Association of exposure to ambient air pollution with thyroid function during pregnancy
Ghassabian A , Pierotti L , Basterrechea M , Chatzi L , Estarlich M , Fernández-Somoano A , Fleisch AF , Gold DR , Julvez J , Karakosta P , Lertxundi A , Lopez-Espinosa MJ , Mulder TA , Korevaar TIM , Oken E , Peeters RP , Rifas-Shiman S , Stephanou E , Tardón A , Tiemeier H , Vrijheid M , Vrijkotte TGM , Sunyer J & Guxens M
To read the full abstract: JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2:e1912902.
Air pollution has recently been associated with maternal thyroxine levels during mid gestation in a large single cohort study [1]. No data exist so far on the association of exposure to specific markers of residential air pollution during the first trimester, when neurodevelopment of the embryo is exclusively dependent on transplacental passage of maternal thyroxine.
Ghassabian et al. closed this knowledge gap by comparing 4 European and one US cohort, comprising a total of 9931 first trimester pregnant women, to study the association of exposure to particular matter (PM) of different size and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) during the first trimester. They observed a 20% higher odds ratio of mild hypothyroxinemia with an increase of 5 g/m3 in PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 micrometer. Importantly, this increase was observed at much lower levels of PM concentration compared to the original study that observed this association during midgestation [1].
In this large study, no data are available on long-term effects of maternal hypothyroxinemia on child development. Over the last years, Ghassabian et al. have published first data derived from their Generation R cohort suggesting negative impact of maternal hypothyroxinemia in general on offspring brain development. In a global health perspective, reduction of residential air pollution, especially of PM of ≤2.5 micrometer, might decrease risk of maternal hypothyroxinemia and putative consecutive adverse effects on offspring neurodevelopment. Future large prospective studies need to investigate the trimester- and dose-dependent pollution effects on neurodevelopment in the offspring mediated by maternal hypothyroxinemia.
References:
1. Zhao Y, Cao Z, Li H, Su X, Yang Y, Liu C, Hua J. Air pollution exposure in association with maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy. J Hazard Mater. 2019;367:188–193.
2. Ghassabian A, El Marroun H, Peeters RP, Jaddoe VW, Horman A, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H, White T. Downstream effects of maternal hypothyroxinemia in early pregnancy: nonverbal IQ and brain morphology in school-age children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:2383–2390.
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ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology
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