ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

Contents

• Preface
• • Preface
  • • Preface

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• 1. Pituitary and Neuroendocrinology
• • (1) (1)
  • • Pituitary and Neuroendocrinology

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  • (1)
  • • Genome-wide association analyses of chronotype in 697, 828 individuals provides insights into circadian rhythms

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    • Cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin and symptom severity in children with autism

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  • New Mechanisms
  • • AstA signaling functions as an evolutionary conserved mechanism timing juvenile to adult transition

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    • Estrogen signaling in arcuate Kiss1 neurons suppresses a sex-dependent female circuit promoting dense strong bones

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    • CRISPR-mediated activation of a promoter or enhancer rescues obesity caused by haploinsufficiency

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    • Regulation of feeding by somatostatin neurons in the tuberal nucleus

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  • Updates on Kisspeptin
  • • Genetic dissection of the different roles of hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons in regulating female reproduction

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    • Characterization of GnRH Pulse generator activity in male mice using GCaMP fiber photometry

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    • GnRH pulse generator activity across the estrous cycle of female mice

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    • Acute suppression of LH secretion by prolactin in female mice is mediated by kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus

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  • Basic Science: Single-cell Profiling the Hypothalamus
  • • Molecular, spatial, and functional single-cell profiling of the hypothalamic preoptic region

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• 2. Antenatal and Neonatal Endocrinology
• • (1)
  • • Antenatal and Neonatal Endocrinology

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  • Neonatal Hypoglycaemia
  • • Congenital hyperinsulinism in infants with turner syndrome: possible association with monosomy X and KDM6A haploinsufficiency

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    • Congenital hyperinsulinism as the presenting feature of Kabuki syndrome: clinical and molecular characterization of 9 affected individuals

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    • Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in seven patients with de novo NSD1 mutations

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    • Sirolimus: efficacy and complications in children with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: A 5-year follow-up study

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    • Diagnosis and management of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia

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  • Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus
  • • Trisomy 21 is a cause of permanent neonatal diabetes that is autoimmune but not HLA associated

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    • A specific CNOT1 mutation results in a novel syndrome of pancreatic agenesis and holoprosencephaly through impaired pancreatic and neurological development

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    • Effectiveness and safety of long-term treatment with sulfonylureas in patients with neonatal diabetes due to KCNJ11 mutations: an international cohort study

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  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Neonatal and Long-term Consequences
  • • Diabetes and obesity during pregnancy are associated with oxidative stress genotoxicity in newborns

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    • Association of gestational diabetes with maternal disorders of glucose metabolism and childhood adiposity

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  • Maternal Obesity and Long-term Infant Consequences
  • • Metformin for women who are overweight or obese during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant outcomes

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    • Maternal obesity impairs skeletal development in adult offspring

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    • Maternal obesity and the human milk metabolome: associations with infant body composition and postnatal weight gain

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    • Association between maternal diabetes, being large for gestational age and breast-feeding on being overweight or obese in childhood

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  • Impact of Maternal Diet on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Function
  • • Maternal high fat diet programs hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in adult rat offspring

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  • Fetal and Neonatal Cortisol Physiology
  • • Characterization of human adrenal steroidogenesis during fetal development

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  • Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnancy and Fetal and Infant Growth
  • • Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and lactation and infant growth

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• 3. Thyroid
• • (1)
  • • Thyroid

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  • Mechanism of the Year
  • • Primary cilium in the human thyrocyte: changes in frequency and length in relation to the functional pathology of the thyroid gland

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  • Thyroid Hormone Action
  • • Thyroid hormone signaling specifies cone subtypes in human retinal organoids

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    • Genome-wide analyses identify a role for SLC17A4 and AADAT in thyroid hormone regulation

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    • Non-thyroidal illness syndrome in critically ill children: prognostic value and impact of nutritional management

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  • Thyroid and Pregnancy
  • • Levothyroxine in women with thyroid peroxidase antibodies before conception

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    • Association of maternal iodine status with child IQ: a meta-analysis of individual-participant data

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  • Congenital Hypothyroidism
  • • Incidence of congenital hypothyroidism over 37 Years in Ireland

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    • Newborn screening for primary congenital hypothyroidism: estimating test performance at different TSH thresholds

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    • Early determinants of thyroid function outcomes in children with congenital hypothyroidism and a normally located thyroid gland: a regional Cohort Study

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  • New Genes
  • • Mutations in IRS4 are associated with central hypothyroidism

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    • Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SLC26A7 cause goitrous congenital hypothyroidism

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    • TUBB1 mutations cause thyroid dysgenesis associated with abnormal platelet physiology

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  • Graves’ Disease
  • • Adjuvant rituximab, a potential treatment for the young patient with Graves’ hyperthyroidism (RiGD): study protocol for a single-arm, single-stage, phase II trial

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    • Long-term methimazole therapy in juvenile Graves’ disease: a randomized trial

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  • Thyroid Cancer
  • • Pediatric thyroid cancer incidence and mortality trends in the United States, 1973–2013

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  • New Guidelines
  • • 2018 European Thyroid Association (ETA) Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of central hypothyroidism

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• 4. Growth and Growth Factors
• • (1)
  • • Growth and Growth Factors

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  • Important for Clinical Practice
  • • Growth hormone improves short-term growth in patients with temple syndrome

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    • Improved mental and motor development during 3 years of GH treatment in very young children with Prader-Willi syndrome

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    • High prevalence of growth plate gene variants in children with familial short stature treated with growth hormone

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    • Phenotypic features and response to growth hormone treatment of patients with a molecular defect of the IGF-1 receptor

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  • New Therapeutic Options
  • • The beneficial effect of combined GH/GnRHa therapy in increasing adult height outcome in children with ISS

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  • Clinical Trials
  • • rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 in preterm Infants: A phase 2 randomized controlled trial

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  • New Perspectives
  • • Idiopathic short stature and growth hormone sensitivity in prepubertal children

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    • Multigene sequencing analysis of children born small for gestational age with isolated short stature

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    • Low IGF-I bioavailability impairs growth and glucose metabolism in a mouse model of human PAPPA2 p.Ala1033Val mutation

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    • Associations of protein intake in early childhood with body composition, height, and insulin-like growth factor I in mid-childhood and early adolescence

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  • New Mechanisms
  • • Late-life targeting of the IGF-1 receptor improves healthspan and lifespan in female mice

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  • New Paradigms
  • • Expression of insulin-like growth factor I and its receptor in the liver of children with biopsy-proven NAFLD

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    • Growth hormone-Insulin-like growth factor 1 axis hyperactivity on bone fibrous dysplasia in McCune-Albright Syndrome

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  • Mechanism of the Year
  • • IGF-2 preprograms maturing macrophages to acquire oxidative phosphorylation-dependent anti-inflammatory properties

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• 5. Bone, Growth Plate and Mineral Metabolism
• • (1)
  • • Bone, Growth Plate and Mineral Metabolism

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  • New Therapies and Novel Therapeutic Strategies
  • • Cartilage-targeted IGF-1 treatment to promote longitudinal bone growth

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    • Humanin is a novel regulator of Hedgehog signaling and prevents glucocorticoid-induced bone growth impairment

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    • ENPP1 enzyme replacement therapy improves blood pressure and cardiovascular function in a mouse model of generalized arterial calcification of infancy

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  • New Insight into Rare Skeletal Disorders
  • • Vitamin D-binding protein deficiency and homozygous deletion of the GC gene

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    • Osteoporosis and skeletal dysplasia caused by pathogenic variants in SGMS2

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    • Gain-of-function mutation of microRNA-140 in human skeletal dysplasia

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    • Gain-of-function DNMT3A mutations cause microcephalic dwarfism and hypermethylation of Polycomb-regulated regions

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  • Clinical Advances in Treatment
  • • Burosumab versus conventional therapy in children with X-linked hypophosphataemia: a randomised, active-controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial

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    • Asfotase alfa for infants and young children with hypophosphatasia: 7 year outcomes of a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 extension trial

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  • Clinical Guidance
  • • Hypoparathyroidism

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    • Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes

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    • Clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of X-linked hypophosphataemia

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  • Basic Science - Growth Plate
  • • Differential aging of growth plate cartilage underlies differences in bone length and thus helps determine skeletal proportions

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    • A radical switch in clonality reveals a stem cell niche in the epiphyseal growth plate

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    • mir-374-5p, mir-379-5p, and mir-503-5p Regulate Proliferation and Hypertrophic Differentiation of Growth Plate Chondrocytes in Male Rats

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  • Basic Science - Bone
  • • Discovery of a periosteal stem cell mediating intramembranous bone formation

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    • Coupling of bone resorption and formation by RANKL reverse signalling

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    • Developmental origin, functional maintenance and genetic rescue of osteoclasts

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  • Basic Science - Mineral Metabolism
  • • Eldecalcitol causes FGF23 resistance for Pi reabsorption and improves rachitic bone phenotypes in the male Hyp mouse

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• 6. DSD and Gender Dysphoria
• • (1)
  • • DSD and Gender Dysphoria

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  • DSD New Paradigm
  • • Oestrogen versus androgen in hormone-replacement therapy for complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: a multicentre, randomised, double-dummy, double-blind crossover trial

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  • New Functions of (Old) Genes
  • • Epigenetic repression of androgen receptor transcription in mutation-negative androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS type II)

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    • Human sex reversal is caused by duplication or deletion of core enhancers upstream of SOX9

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    • Essential role of BRCA2 in ovarian development and function

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    • Assembling the jigsaw puzzle: CBX2 isoform 2 and its targets in disorders/differences of sex development

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    • Early-onset complete ovarian failure and lack of puberty in a woman with mutated estrogen receptor β (ESR2)

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  • Laboratory Medicine in DSD
  • • Sex differences in reproductive hormones during mini-puberty in infants with normal and disordered sex development

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  • Gender Dysphoria in DSD
  • • Psychosexual Aspects, Effects of Prenatal Androgen Exposure, and Gender Change in 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development

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    • Gender dysphoria and XX congenital adrenal hyperplasia: how frequent is it? Is male-sex rearing a good idea?

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  • Ethical Aspects
  • • Management of pediatric patients with DSD and ambiguous genitalia: Balancing the child’s moral claims to self-determination with parental values and preferences

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  • DSD Reviews
  • • Testis development

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    • New technologies to uncover the molecular basis of disorders of sex development

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  • Food for Thought in Transgender Medicine
  • • Parent reports of adolescents and young adults perceived to show signs of a rapid onset of gender dysphoria

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    • Genetic link between gender dysphoria and sex hormone signaling

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  • (New) Hope for Fertility Preservation in Transgender
  • • Fertility preservation for a transgender teenager

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  • New Working Hypotheses in Transgender
  • • Prevalence of the wish to be of the opposite gender in adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder

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    • Gender identities in adolescent population: methodological issues and prevalence across age groups

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  • Transgender Reviews
  • • Research Review: Gender identity in youth: treatment paradigms and controversies

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    • Management of endocrine disease: approach to the management of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria

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• 7. Puberty
• • (1)
  • • Puberty

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  • Basic Science
  • • PACAP neurons in the ventral premammillary nucleus regulate reproductive function in the female mouse

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    • SIRT1 mediates obesity- and nutrient-dependent perturbation of pubertal timing by epigenetically controlling Kiss1 expression

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    • Metabolic regulation of female puberty via hypothalamic AMPK-kisspeptin signaling

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  • Genetics of Puberty
  • • HS6ST1 insufficiency causes self-limited delayed puberty in contrast with other GnRH deficiency genes

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    • EAP1 regulation of GnRH promoter activity is important for human pubertal timing

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    • Elucidating the genetic architecture of reproductive ageing in the Japanese population

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  • Environmental Factors and Puberty
  • • Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances during fetal life and pubertal development in boys and girls from the Danish National Birth Cohort

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    • Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between childhood physical activity and age at menarche

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    • Age at menarche and blood pressure in pregnancy

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    • Is there a causal relationship between obesity and puberty?

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  • Clinical Guidance
  • • Gonadal function and pubertal development in patients with Silver-Russell syndrome

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    • Prevalence of cranial MRI findings in girls with central precocious puberty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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    • High prevalence of syndromic disorders in patients with non-isolated central precocious puberty

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    • Pituitary deficiency and precocious puberty after childhood severe traumatic brain injury: a long-term follow-up prospective study

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  • Treatment
  • • Letrozole versus testosterone for promotion of endogenous puberty in boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial

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    • Toward more targeted and cost-effective gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment in girls with central precocious puberty

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• 8. Adrenals
• • (1)
  • • Adrenals

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  • Mechanism of the Year: Endogenous glucocorticoids suppress immunopathology and promote host resistance to viral infection without compromising protective immunity
  • • Endogenous glucocorticoids control host resistance to viral infection through the tissue-specific regulation of PD-1 expression on NK cells

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  • New Mechanisms
  • • Isolation and characterization of adrenocortical progenitors involved in the adaptation to stress

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    • Steroidogenic differentiation and PKA signaling are programmed by histone methyltransferase EZH2 in the adrenal cortex

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    • Associations between adrenarcheal hormones, amygdala functional connectivity and anxiety symptoms in children

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  • Important for Clinical Practice
  • • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline

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    • Circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid administration entrains clock genes in immune cells: A DREAM trial ancillary study

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    • Complement component 4 variations may influence psychopathology risk in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency

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    • The Natural History of Adrenal Insufficiency in X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: An International Collaboration

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  • Clinical Trials - New Treatments
  • • A Randomized Trial of Epinephrine in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

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    • Treatment of Primary Aldosteronism with mTORC1 Inhibitors

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  • New Genes
  • • Susceptibility to corticosteroid-induced adrenal suppression: a genome-wide association study

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    • Targeted next-generation sequencing detects rare genetic events in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma

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  • New Hope
  • • GnRH antagonist treatment of malignant adrenocortical tumors

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    • A report on state-wide implementation of newborn screening for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

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  • New Concerns
  • • Epigenetic alterations associated with early prenatal dexamethasone treatment

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  • New Paradigms
  • • Autoantibodies reactive to adrenocorticotropic hormone can alter cortisol secretion in both aggressive and nonaggressive humans

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  • Reviews
  • • Autoimmune Addison’s disease - An update on pathogenesis

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    • Developmental programming of the HPA axis and related behaviours: epigenetic mechanisms

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  • Food for Thought
  • • Placental H3K27me3 establishes female resilience to prenatal insults

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    • Associations of prenatal depressive symptoms with DNA methylation of HPA axis-related genes and diurnal cortisol profiles in primary school-aged children

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• 9. Oncology and Chronic Disease
• • (1)
  • • Oncology and Chronic Disease

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  • Long Term Outcomes of Childhood Cancer: A Changing Burden
  • • The changing burden of long-term health outcomes in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a retrospective analysis of the St Jude lifetime cohort study

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  • Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk in Cancer Survivors
  • • The late effects of radiation therapy on skeletal muscle morphology and progenitor cell content are influenced by diet-induced obesity and exercise training in male mice

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    • Insulin and glucose homeostasis in childhood cancer survivors treated with abdominal radiation: A pilot study

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    • Diabetes risk in childhood cancer survivors: A population-based study

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    • Total body irradiation for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation during early childhood is associated with the risk for diabetes mellitus

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    • Late cardiovascular morbidity and mortality following pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

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    • No evidence of overweight in long-term survivors of childhood cancer after glucocorticoid treatment

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  • Fertility Issues in Chronic Diseases: New Insights
  • • Long-term effects of childhood cancer treatment on hormonal and ultrasound markers of ovarian reserve

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    • Co-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells improves spermatogonial stem cell transplantation efficiency in mice

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    • Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue may be considered in young girls with galactosemia

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    • Ovarian reserve in young juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients

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  • Cancer Treatment and Growth Disorders
  • • Diagnosis of GH deficiency as a late effect of radiotherapy in survivors of childhood cancers

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    • The predictive value of insulin-like growth factor 1 in irradiation-dependent growth hormone deficiency in childhood cancer survivors

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    • GH therapy in childhood cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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  • Biologic Agents and Growth in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
  • • Growth during Tocilizumab therapy for Polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis: 2-year data from a phase III clinical trial

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• 10. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
• • (1) (1)
  • • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

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  • (1)
  • • Transition to adult diabetes care in Germany - high risk for acute complications and declining metabolic control during the transition phase

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    • Closed-loop insulin delivery in suboptimally controlled type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, 12-week randomised trial

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    • Psychosocial benefits of insulin pump therapy in children with diabetes type 1 and their families: The pumpkin multicenter randomized controlled trial

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    • Excess mortality and cardiovascular disease in young adults with type 1 diabetes in relation to age at onset: a nationwide, register-based cohort study

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    • Repaglinide versus insulin for newly diagnosed diabetes in patients with cystic fibrosis: a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial

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    • Clinical trial of fluid infusion rates for pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis

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    • Worse metabolic control and dynamics of weight status in adolescent girls point to eating disorders in the first years after manifestation of type 1 diabetes mellitus: findings from the diabetes patienten verlaufsdokumentation registry

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    • One potato, two potato,… assessing carbohydrate counting accuracy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

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    • Continuous glucose monitoring and glycemic control among youth with type 1 diabetes: International comparison from the T1D Exchange and DPV Initiative

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    • Sex as a determinant of type 1 diabetes at diagnosis

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    • Changes in diabetes medication regimens and glycemic control in adolescents and young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes: The SEARCH for diabetes in youth study

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    • Efficacy of growth hormone treatment in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and growth hormone deficiency – An analysis of KIGS data

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    • Longitudinal assessment of hippocampus structure in children with type 1 diabetes

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    • The clinician factor: Personality characteristics of clinicians and their impact upon clinical outcomes in the management of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

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    • Increased prevalence of disordered eating in the dual diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus and celiac disease

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    • BMI, mortality, and cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 diabetes: Findings against an obesity paradox

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    • Relative prognostic importance and optimal levels of risk factors for mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 diabetes mellitus

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    • Association of rotavirus vaccination with the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children

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    • Diabetes relief in mice by glucose-sensing insulin-secreting human α-cells

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    • Reduced burden of diabetes and improved quality of life: Experiences from unrestricted day-and-night hybrid closed-loop use in very young children with type 1 diabetes

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• 11 Obesity and Weight Regulation
• • (1)
  • • Obesity and Weight Regulation

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  • New Insights into Body Weight Regulation
  • • Genetic architecture of human thinness compared to severe obesity

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    • Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity

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    • Steroid receptor coactivator-1 modulates the function of Pomc neurons and energy homeostasis

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    • Dysregulation of a long noncoding RNA reduces leptin leading to a leptin-responsive form of obesity

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  • Tracking, Programming, and Epigenetics
  • • Acceleration of BMI in early childhood and risk of sustained obesity

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    • Adipose tissue mitochondrial dysfunction in human obesity is linked to a specific DNA methylation signature in adipose-derived stem cells

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    • Transgenerational epigenetic mechanisms in adipose tissue development

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  • Metabolic Signaling
  • • An endothelial-to-adipocyte extracellular vesicle axis governed by metabolic state

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    • Exercise-induced changes in visceral adipose tissue mass are regulated by IL-6 signaling: A randomized controlled trial

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  • Brown Adipose Tissue: The Story Goes On
  • • Brown adipose tissue in prepubertal children: associations with sex, birthweight, and metabolic profile

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    • Identification of metabolically distinct adipocyte progenitor cells in human adipose tissues

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  • Treatment of Severe Obesity: Next Steps
  • • Patients with obesity caused by melanocortin-4 receptor mutations can be treated with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist

      ey0016.11-12
    • Five-year outcomes of gastric bypass in adolescents as compared with adults

      ey0016.11-13
    • Pathophysiology and individualized treatment of hypothalamic obesity following craniopharyngioma and other suprasellar tumors: a systematic review

      ey0016.11-14
    • Working toward precision medicine approaches to treat severe obesity in adolescents: report of an NIH workshop

      ey0016.11-15
• 12. Type 2 Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Lipid Metabolism
• • (1)
  • • Type 2 Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Lipid Metabolism

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  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • • Pivotal trial of an autonomous AI-based diagnostic system for detection of diabetic retinopathy in primary care offices

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    • Risk of type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide longitudinal study

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    • Metabolic contrasts between youth and adults with impaired glucose tolerance or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes: i. observations using the hyperglycemic clamp

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    • Impact of insulin and metformin versus metformin alone on beta-cell function in youth with impaired glucose tolerance or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes

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    • Liraglutide in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes

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  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • • Early life adversity with height stunting is associated with cardiometabolic risk in adolescents independent of Body Mass Index

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    • Prospective associations between socioeconomically disadvantaged groups and metabolic syndrome risk in European children. Results from the IDEFICS study

      ey0016.12-7
    • Carbotoxicity-noxious effects of carbohydrates

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    • Dietary carbohydrate intake and mortality: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis

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    • Exogenous testosterone does not induce or exacerbate the metabolic features associated with PCOS among transgender men

      ey0016.12-10
  • Lipid Metabolism
  • • Aster proteins facilitate nonvesicular plasma membrane to ER cholesterol transport in mammalian cells

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    • Orlistat therapy for children with type 1 hyperlipoproteinemia: a randomized clinical trial

      ey0016.12-12
    • Marine n-3 fatty acids and prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer

      ey0016.12-13
    • An integrative systems genetic analysis of mammalian lipid metabolism

      ey0016.12-14
  • Most Amusing Article of the Year
  • • Is it time to start using the emoji in biomedical literature?

      ey0016.12-15
• 13. Global Health for the Paediatric Endocrinologist
• • (1)
  • • Global Health for the Paediatric Endocrinologist

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  • Diabetes
  • • Effect of Novartis Access on availability and price of non-communicable disease medicines in Kenya: a cluster-randomised controlled trial

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    • Challenges associated with providing diabetes care in humanitarian settings

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    • Levels of type 1 diabetes care in children and adolescents for countries at varying resource levels

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    • Why are we failing to address the issue of access to insulin? A national and global perspective

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    • Blood glucose meters and test strips: Global market and challenges to access in low-resource settings

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  • Endocrinology: Newborn Screening
  • • Newborn screening in the developing countries

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    • A pilot study on newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Beijing

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  • Endocrinology: Disorders of Sexual Development
  • • Malaysian females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: surgical outcomes and attitudes

      ey0016.13-8
    • Incidence of disorders of sexual development in neonates in Ghana: prospective study

      ey0016.13-9
    • Women with amenorrhea and men with menstruation: the qualitative experiences of people with disorders of sex development in Nigeria

      ey0016.13-10
    • Outcome of feminizing genital reconstruction in female sex assigned disorder of sex development in a low-income country

      ey0016.13-11
  • Growth and Nutrition
  • • Exposure to improved nutrition from conception to age 2 years and adult cardiometabolic disease risk: a modelling study

      ey0016.13-12
    • Independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene, and improved complementary feeding, on child stunting and anaemia in rural Zimbabwe: a cluster-randomised trial

      ey0016.13-13
    • As tall as my peers – similarity in body height between migrants and hosts

      ey0016.13-14
    • The obesity transition: stages of the global epidemic

      ey0016.13-15
  • Micronutrients
  • • Global prevalence and disease burden of vitamin D deficiency: a roadmap for action in low- and middle-income countries

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    • Improved micronutrient status and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries following large-scale fortification: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis

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• 14. Year in Science and Medicine 2019
• • (1) (1)
  • • The Year in Science and Medicine 2019

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  • (1)
  • • Could artificial intelligence make doctors obsolete?

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    • Gene-silencing technology gets first drug approval after 20-year wait

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    • A membrane transporter is required for steroid hormone uptake in Drosophila

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    • A reprogramming human T cell function and specificity with non-viral genome targeting

      ey0016.14-4
    • Horizontal transfer of BovB and L1 retrotransposons in eukaryotes

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    • A late middle pleistocene Denisovan mandible from the Tibetan Plateau

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    • A large impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwest Greenland

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    • Temperature-dependent hypoxia explains biogeography and severity of end-Permian marine mass extinction

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    • Did our species evolve in subdivided populations across Africa, and Why does it matter?

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    • Comparing folic acid dosage strengths to prevent reduction in fetal size among pregnant women who smoked cigarettes: A randomized clinical trial

      ey0016.14-10
    • Neonatal selection by Toll-like receptor 5 influences long-term gut microbiota composition

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    • Genome amplification and cellular senescence are hallmarks of human placenta development

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    • Effect of genetic diagnosis on patients with previously undiagnosed disease

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    • Prenatal exome sequencing analysis in fetal structural anomalies detected by ultrasonography (PAGE): a cohort study

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    • Recovery of trait heritability from whole genome sequence data

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    • Insights into imprinting from parent-of-origin phased methylomes and transcriptomes

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    • Whole-genome sequencing of Atacama skeleton shows novel mutations linked with dysplasia

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    • Darolutamide in nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer

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• 15 Editorsߣ Choice
• • (1) (1)
  • • Editors’ Choice

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  • (1)
  • • A Copeptin-based approach in the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus

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    • Vitamin D supplements and prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease

      ey0016.15-2
    • Assessment of safety and outcome of lateral hypothalamic deep brain stimulation for obesity in a small series of patients with Prader-Willi syndrome

      ey0016.15-3
    • Association of long-term child growth and developmental outcomes with metformin vs insulin treatment for gestational diabetes

      ey0016.15-4
    • Maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, and the risk of overweight and obesity across childhood: An individual participant data meta-analysis

      ey0016.15-5
    • Late-pregnancy dysglycemia in obese pregnancies after negative testing for gestational diabetes and risk of future childhood overweight: An interim analysis from a longitudinal mother-child cohort study

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    • Association of early introduction of solids with infant sleep: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial

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    • Variation in the heritability of child body mass index by obesogenic home environment

      ey0016.15-8
    • Association of youth triponderal mass index vs body mass index with obesity-related outcomes in adulthood

      ey0016.15-9
    • Growth hormone regulates neuroendocrine responses to weight loss via AgRP neurons

      ey0016.15-10
    • A neural circuit for gut-Induced reward

      ey0016.15-11
    • Ghrelin enhances food odor conditioning in healthy humans: An fMRI study

      ey0016.15-12
    • Non-invasive prenatal sequencing for multiple Mendelian monogenic disorders using circulating cell-free fetal DNA

      ey0016.15-13
    • Enteroendocrine cells switch hormone expression along the crypt-to-villus BMP signalling gradient

      ey0016.15-14
    • Irisin mediates effects on bone and fat via αV integrin receptors

      ey0016.15-15
    • Early maturity as the new normal: a century-long study of bone age

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    • Spray dried smectite clay particles as a novel treatment against obesity

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    • The gravitostat regulates fat mass in obese male mice while leptin regulates fat mass in lean male mice

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