ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

Diabetes Care. 2020;43(11):e172–e173. doi: 10.2337/dc20-1633During the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the DPV (the German diabetes registry database) study group asked whether or not the COVID-19 lockdown had affected the incidence of pediatric T1D in Germany (1). More than 210 German pediatric diabetes centers contributed their data on pediatric patients with T1D with an onset at ag...

Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(5):1213–1216. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.016In this small cross-sectional study on 52 pediactric patients with T1D, a structured questionnaire was administered on follow up within 15 days after lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these 52 patients, 36.5% had hyperglycemic and 15.3% had hypoglycemic episodes. Insulin dose was missed in 26.9%, gluco...

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;168:108372. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108372Here, the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology carried out a literature search in Medline and Embase and also Diabetes Societies websites until May 21st, 2020 for guidelines and recommendations on T1D management during the COVID-19 pandemic. They state that there is currently no evidenc...

Pediatr Diabetes. 2020;21(8):1447–1456. doi: 10.1111/pedi.13122Family histories suggest strong degrees of inheritance of T1D in some children, especially in populations with an overall high risk of autoimmunity.This paper from the Finnish T1D Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study looked at subjects carrying high HLA-conferred risk for T1D. A family history of T1D in...

World J Diabetes. 2020;11(10):400–415. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i10.400Based on a review of the proposed mechanisms of the development of T1DM, the authors provide an overview of oral tolerance therapies for T1DM conducted in both animal models and clinical trials. This key paper also outlines its future perspectives.As a mainly T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, T...

JAMA. 2020;323(4):339–351. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.21565This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pre-symptomatic T1D in young children participating in a public health screening program for islet autoantibodies and the risk for progression to clinical T1D in children carrying multiple autoantibodies. On screening, 0.03% were found to have clinical T1D. Of the 0.31% who were foun...

Diabetologia. 2019;62(12):2287–2297. doi: 10.1007/s00125-019-04980-0This study identified different circulatory metabolite profiles in children who subsequently progress to T1D compared to children who progress to islet autoimmunity but not T1D, and antibody-negative control children.In addition to altered T cell immunity and autoantibody appearance, metaboli...

Diabetes Care. 2020; 43:82–89. doi: 10.2337/dc19-0747.It is often difficult to identify maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) in pediatric patients close to diabetes onset. Hence, misdiagnosis and unnecessary insulin treatment are still common.This study reports the discriminatory clinical features at diabetes onset in Swedish pediatric patients (age 1–18 y...

Diabetologia. 2020;63(4):780–787. doi: 10.1007/s00125-019-05077-4.This multicenter multinational study, in children with high genetic risk of T1D, identified an association between lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations and subsequent appearance of islet autoimmunity or T1D.The Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) ancillary ...

Diabetes Care. 2020;43(2):484–486. doi: 10.2337/dc19-1487.This retrospective study in Quebec, Canada included 3,544 adolescents and young adults with diabetes and 1 388 397 without diabetes. It concludes that between the ages of 15 and 25 years, the risks of psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts were substantially higher in adolescents and young adults with diabetes than those without ...

Diabetes Care. 2020;43(10):2537–2543. doi: 10.2337/dc20-0736.This paper describes a randomized crossover trial in young people with T1D (16–24 years old) comparing two 8-week study periods: the factory-calibrated Dexcom G6 CGM system versus routine self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). CGM improved time within glucose target and reduced HbA1c by 0.76%.The prim...

Diabetes Care. 2020;43(11):2768–2775. doi: 10.2337/dc20-0187.In this observational analysis of a patient cohort, a single diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) episode was associated with lower cognition and memory both in children with newly diagnosed T1D and in children with known T1D.Children (N=758) were 6-18 years old, taking part in a multisite randomized trial e...

Diabetologia. 2020;63(12):2605–2615. doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05276-4.Diabetes diagnosed at <6 months of age is often of monogenic origin. However, 10-15% of affected infants do not have a pathogenic variant in one of the 26 known neonatal diabetes genes. In this study, 166 infants diagnosed at <6 months of age without such pathogenic variants showed all the the classic feat...

Nature Metabolism. 2020;2(2):192–209. doi: 10.1038/s42255-020-0171-3.This experimental mouse study examined whether or not dedifferentiated β cells could be reversed or targeted by pharmacological intervention for diabetes remission. They identified evidence for β-cell dedifferentiation and dysfunction which could be reversed by single and combined pharmacological approach...