ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

Brief summary: Growth Hormone (GH)-Insulin-Growth-Factor-1 (IGF-1) axis plays the major role in promoting growth, but novel factors seem to modulate GH-IGF1 axis functioning. The majority of circulating IGF-1 and IGF-2 are bound to IGF-binding proteins (IGF-BPs) which prolong their half-life and regulate their tissue distribution (1,2). Pappalysins (PAPP-A, PAPP-A2) increase IGF-1 bioavailability through cleavage of IGFBPs and are inhibited by stanniocalcins (STC1, STC2) (3,4)...

Brief summary: This translational study evaluated mRNA expression of hypothalamic neuroglial markers in two transgenic mice with either enhanced or reduced consensual GH-IGF-1 signaling and in Hepatocyte-specific GH receptor (GHR) knockout male mice, with high GH circulating-levels and low IGF-1 concentrations. The study demonstrated a direct action of GH on neuroinflammation, independently of IGF-1 levels.Although the brain is not considered a classical...

Brief summary: This observational study aimed at clarifying the contribution of pathogenic copy number variants (PCNVs) and candidate pathogenic variants in 86 children born small-for-gestational-age with short stature (SGA-SS).Approximately 10% of children born SGA do not show catch-up and remain permanently short (SGA-SS) (1,2). There is increasing evidence suggesting that genetic abnormalities underlie a high proportion of SGA-SS children. In this stu...

Brief summary: In this study, 10 145 children of 1–8 years of age, selected from a prospective systematic cohort study and stratified according to HLA-risk categories for type-1-diabetes (T1D), underwent a combined evaluation of pancreatic autoimmunity, glucose metabolism and anthropometry at different timeframes. Diagnosis of T1D occurred in 131/10,145 children (1.3%). Faster height growth, both before and after age 3 years, was significantly associated with the appearan...