ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

To read the full abstract: JAMA Pediatr 2018;172:e180739.This randomised controlled trial of 1303 exclusively breastfed 3-month-old UK infants was primarily performed to test the impact of early introduction of solid foods, from age 3 months, on the risk of food allergies (1). Sleep was measured as a secondary trial outcome: the trial showed that early introduction of solids increa...

To read the full abstract: Elife 2018;7. pii: e33318Here, Cheung et al. use sophisticated tissue specific genetic ablation in pituitary cell lineages to uncover an unexpected differential sensitivity of NOTCH activation signalling pathway in different cell lineages during the embryonic murine pituitary development. These findings are important as they further demonstrate the importance of NOTCH pat...

To read the full abstract: Lancet 2018; 391(10133):1927-1938See comment on 13.7...

To read the full abstract: Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19: (6) 1124In this cross-sectional study performed in Haiti, the authors found that 18% of the children and adolescents with diabetes had signs of retinopathy and that 16% had a cataract. This prevalence is clearly much higher than reported in young patients with diabetes living in high-income countries. Importantly, ocular complications occurred ea...

To read the full abstract: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018;115:E832-E840Women live longer than men in nearly all modern populations. They can expect to live longer than men almost anywhere in the world. This pervasive inequality has intrigued researchers for decades, and many conclude that the gap has biological foundations, which are modulated by social and environmental conditions.<p class=...

Brief summary: This retrospective study describes a marked increase in the survival of children and youth living with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) in Tanzania, before (1991–2004), during (2005–2010) and after (2011–2019) implementation of the Life For A Child (LFAC) and Changing Diabetes in Children (CDiC) programs.This article focuses specifically on diabetes-related mortality. It offers both a message of hope and a candid examination o...

Brief summary: In this Minireview, one pediatric and one adult case with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) are discussed with respect to different clinical questions and steroid biomarkers reflecting their diagnosis, treatment and disease control. Basics of the disease mechanisms with different aspects throughout life (childhood, adulthood, sex, fertility and pregnancy) are discussed to lay grounds for the interpretation and use of laboratory data, including the newer 11-oxyge...

Brief summary: In this meta-analysis, data of 2030 patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) extracted from 25 studies were reanalyzed for reversal of GHD on GH retesting. The reversibility of IGHD varied depending on GH retest cut-offs and testing time-point/age. Higher GH cut-offs and earlier testing resulted in lower GHD reversal rate, but even with a cut-off of 7.7–10 ng/mL the reversal rate was 55%, and retesting before final height revealed also a re...

Brief Summary: This clinical cross-sectional study provides new data on the neurodevelopmental aspects of Klinefelter syndrome (KS). It investigated the brain activation patterns in 43 adolescent males with KS (mean age 12.3±2.3 years) compared to an age-matched typically-developing (n=41) control group during the go/no-go task, an executive function assessment. Behavioral assessment tests, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were used....

Brief Summary: This study examined the incidence and risk factors for adrenal crisis (AC) in patients with pediatric-onset adrenal insufficiency (AI). AC occurs in a substantial number of children with AI, particularly in younger children due to their high number of infections.Comment: Adrenal crisis (AC) is a life-threatening complication in patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) (1-4). The clinical features of AC are often nonspecific, and it may be ...