ISSN 1662-4009 (online)

ey0018.11-10 | Mechanism of the year | ESPEYB18

11.10. Intercellular mitochondria transfer to macrophages regulates white adipose tissue homeostasis and is impaired in obesity

JR Brestoff , CB Wilen , JR Moley , Y Li , W Zou , NP Malvin , MN Rowen , BT Saunders , H Ma , MR Mack , BL Hykes , DR Balce , A Orvedahl , JW Williams , N Rohatgi , X Wang , MR McAllaster , SA Handley , BS Kim , JG Doench , BH Zinselmeyer , MS Diamond , HW Virgin , AE Gelman , SL Teitelbaum

Cell Metab 2021;33(2): 270–282.e8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2020.11.008Brestoff et al. show, for the first time, that mitochondria are transferred from adipocytes to macrophages and that this event has an impact on systemic metabolic homeostasis.Within the last years, it has been demonstrated that cells are able to communicate with each other by the exchange of organell...

ey0018.11-11 | Criticism of the previous BMI metrics for use in severely obese children | ESPEYB18

11.11. Evaluation of BMI metrics to assess change in adiposity in children with overweight and moderate and severe obesity

SE Barlow , M Salahuddin , C Durand , SJ Pont , DM Hoelscher , NF Butte

Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020 Aug;28(8):1512–1518. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32935936/These authors analysed a cohort of n=399 overweight and obese children (age 2–12 years), who underwent a 1-year lifestyle intervention, to test whether possible alternatives to the BMI z-score (%BMIp95, %BMIp50, BMImz) might correlate better with changes in % total body fat (%BF) a...

ey0018.11-12 | Criticism of the previous BMI metrics for use in severely obese children | ESPEYB18

11.12. A longitudinal comparison of alternatives to body mass index Z-Scores for children with very high body mass indexes

DS Freedman , AJ Goodwin Davies , L Kompaniyets , SJ Lange , AB Goodman , T Tam Phan , FS Cole , A Dempsey , N Pajor , I Eneli , DA Christakis , CB Forrest

J Pediatr. 2021 Mar 5;S0022-3476(21)00211-0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33676932/The authors analysed BMI data from 10.8 million children and adolescents from the PEDSnet database (USA), collected longitudinally between 1999-2019, to examine the tracking of various BMI metrics (BMIz, BMImz, BMIz extended, %BMIp95, %BMIp50,%BMIp50 adjusted| calculated according to CDC growth char...

ey0018.11-13 | New insight into preconceptional and prenatal programming | ESPEYB18

11.13. Associations between exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero and daily energy intake, brain responses to food cues, and adiposity in children

S Luo , BC Angelo , T Chow , JR Monterosso , PM Thompson , AH Xiang , KA Page

Diabetes Care. 2021 May;44(5):1185–1193. 10.2337/dc20-3006. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33827804/Luo et al. performed a retrospective cohort study of 159 children (age 7–11 years), including undertaking a food cue task while in the MRI scanner, to investigate whether brain reward systems are altered by in utero exposure to ...

ey0018.11-14 | New insight into preconceptional and prenatal programming | ESPEYB18

11.14. Lifestyle intervention in pregnant women with obesity impacts cord blood DNA methylation, which associates with body composition in the offspring

J Jonsson , KM Renault , S Garcia-Calzon , A Perfilyev , AC Estampador , K Norgaard , M Vendelbo Lind , A Vaag , L Hjort , KF Michaelsen , E Malchau Carlsen , PW Franks , C Ling

Diabetes 2021 Apr;70(4):854–866. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33431374/These authors performed a randomized trial of obese pregnant women (n=425) to investigate the effects of a pregnancy lifestyle intervention on epigenetic variations in umbilical cord blood, on neonatal body composition (DXA) and on offspring BMI in later life (up to 3 years). Offspring of mothers who re...

ey0018.11-15 | New insight into preconceptional and prenatal programming | ESPEYB18

11.15. Sex-specific programming effects of parental obesity in pre-implantation embryonic development

K Hedegger , J Philippou-Massier , S Krebs , H Blum , S Kunzelmann , K Forstemann , M Gimpfl , AA Roscher , R Ensenauer , E Wolf , M Dahlhoff

Int J Obes (Lond). 2020 May;44(5):1185–1190. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31776435/These authors investigated the effect of maternal and paternal obesity on gene expression level in the mouse blastocyst. Firstly, they show that female and male offspring were differentially sensitive to an obesogenic maternal environment in the early phase of preimplantation. Male blastocysts from o...

ey0018.12 | Orit Pinhas-Hamiel MD. | ESPEYB18

12. Type 2 Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Lipid Metabolism

Pinhas-Hamiel Orit

PrefaceThe frequency of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has markedly increased in the pediatric age group since the end of the 20th century. Risk-based recommendations for screening for prediabetes and T2DM have been assessed. Another approach to identifying adolescents with T2DM uses metabolomic profiling. Decreased bone mineral density was added to the multitude of complications described with a high frequency in adolescents with T2DM. Furthermore, one-fifth of...

ey0018.12-1 | Type 2 Diabetes | ESPEYB18

12.1. Screening and diagnosis of prediabetes and diabetes in US children and adolescents

AS Wallace , D Wang , JI Shin , E Selvin

Pediatrics. 2020 Sep;146(3):e20200265. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-0265. PMID: 32778539.In brief: This cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative US sample showed that 25.5% of US children and adolescents (10.6 million in 2016) are eligible for screening for diabetes according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. The eligibility criteria showed l...

ey0018.12-2 | Type 2 Diabetes | ESPEYB18

12.2. Identification of pathognomonic purine synthesis biomarkers by metabolomic profiling of adolescents with obesity and type 2 diabetes

J Concepcion , K Chen , R Saito , J Gangoiti , E Mendez , ME Nikita , BA Barshop , L Natarajan , K Sharma , JJ Kim

PLoS One. 2020 Jun 26;15(6):e0234970. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234970.In brief: Metabolite signatures were compared between children with normal weight, obesity, and both obesity and T2DM, by measuring 273 analytes in fasting plasma and a 24-hour urine sample. Twenty-two urine metabolites were uniquely associated with T2DM. Adolescents with T2DM have altered purine nucleoti...

ey0018.12-3 | Type 2 Diabetes | ESPEYB18

12.3. Bone mass and density in youth with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and healthy weight

JM Kindler , A Kelly , PR Khoury , LE Levitt Katz , EM Urbina , BS Zemel

Diabetes Care. 2020 Oct;43(10):2544–2552. doi: 10.2337/dc19-2164. PMID: 32778556.In brief: This cross-sectional study compared bone mineral density (BMD), lean body mass and abdominal visceral fat between 180 individuals with T2DM, 226 with obesity, and 238 with normal weight, aged 10–23 years. The findings suggest that T2DM in youth may have a detrimental effect on bone accru...