ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

Brief Summary: This prospective, pragmatic, open-label study assessed the impact of a systematic and equitable digital-health-team-based care program designed to achieve tight glycemic targets (HbA1c <7%) through early technology use and remote patient monitoring, in young people with newly diagnosed T1D. The program was successful: 68% of participants achieved target HbA1c, and an average 65% time in glucose range at one-year post-diagnosis.Despite ...

Brief Summary: This experimental study quantified the physiological contribution of pancreatic δ-cells to the glycemic set point. It used 3 orthogonal mouse models to remove somatostatin (SST) signalling within the pancreas or transplanted islets. Ablation of δ-cells or SST decreased the glycemic set point, and the glucose threshold for insulin response from β-cells, leading to increased insulin secretion to the same glucose challenge.The ...

Brief Summary: This experimental study unveiled a new link between the β-cell unfolded protein response and senescence. Deletion of the genes Atf6α or Ire1α in β-cells of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice prior to insulitis generated a p21-driven early senescence phenotype, which altered the β-cell secretome and promoted protective M2 macrophages recruitment to pancreatic islets. M2 macrophages induced immune surveillance and removal of t...

Nature. 2021;600(7890):720-6. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04137-3.PubMed ID: 34880500Brief summary: This mouse study identifies FABP4 (‘Fabkin’) as a new fat-derived hormone that regulates insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.We have learnt over the recent years that body fat is not simply a passive energy storage tissue, but instead secretes a number o...

To read the full abstract: Science 2019;365:eaat9351.As in humans, weight gain in mice leads to fatty liver disease, inflammatory adipose tissue, and insulin resistance. The depletion of the microbiota through antibiotic treatment rescued this weight gain. The cohousing of T-Myd88–/– mice transferred the weight gain to wild-type mice. The major feature of the microbiota formed within T-Myd88–/– mice was a reduction in Clostri...

Abstract: Mol. Ther. 2019;27:673–680.In brief: The authors developed a fusion protein containing a cartilage-targeting antibody fragment and Insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) and demonstrate that it can stimulate growth plate cartilage at lower and less frequent doses than Igf1. This is a novel approach that paves the way for the development of tissue-specific target...

Arch Sex Behav. 2021 Apr;50(3):913–923. doi: 10.1007/s10508-021-01953-6. PMID: 33712989This paper describes a patient cohort study of 459 individuals with various DSD diagnoses, as part of the dsd-LIFE study. Patients were included at 14 different sites in 6 European countries.Genital surgery has been increasingly questioned in the past decade. Both the timin...

Transl Psychiatry. 2022; 12(1): 109. PMID: 35296634 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35296634/Brief Summary: This mouse study identified sex and genotype-dependent effects of oral corticosterone on behavioral and physiological outcomes as well as on gene expression and epigenetics in hippocampal subregions.Glucocorticoids exert their effects by binding to glucocorticoid...

Nature. 2022;602(7895):162-8. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04312-6.PubMed ID: 35058638Brief summary: This study performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 1013 clonal haematopoietic cell colonies from 12 adult patients aged 20–81 years with myeloproliferative neoplasms, a form of blood cancer. They identified 580 133 somatic mutations and used these to reconstruct haematopoietic clonal his...

Brief summary: This pooled study, including five cross-sectional or intervention studies (n=24–823) and using publicly available data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to perform Mendelian randomization, investigated the influence of glucose, insulin, body fat, body mass index (BMI), food intake, and physical activity on serum soluble leptin receptor (sOb-R) levels. The authors showed that insulin and BMI were associated with decreased serum sOb-R level...