ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

To read the full abstract: N Engl J Med. 2018; 378(9): 797-808Sepsis has been identified by the WHO as a global health priority, however, there has been no proven pharmacologic treatment other than the appropriate antibiotic agents, fluids and vasopressors as required. Reported death rates among hospitalized patients with sepsis range between 30-45% (22). Glucocorticoids have been used as ...

To read the full abstract: Diabetes Care. 2017;40:1034-1040Researchers from The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia as well as scientists from institutions from three different continents, America, Europe and Australia have combined their data from large diabetes registries in order to: examine the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in populations of patients with T1DM; investigat...

To read the full abstract: PLoS One. 2018;13:e0191360Up to now most studies to prevent autoimmune T1DM have focused on directly suppressing the autoimmune response rather than to better understanding the intrinsic requirements for beta cell survival. In this trial intracellular heparan sulfate was investigated as an essential requirement for the survival of beta cells and a marker for beta...

To read the full abstract: Int J Obes (Lond). 2018 Feb 27.See comment on 11.7...

To read the full abstract: Cell Metab. 2017, Volume 26, Issue 1 Riera et al. developed ways to temporarily eliminate the sense of smell in adult mice. They discovered that mice lacking smell could eat a high-fat diet and stay significantly thinner than littermates with a normal sense of smell. Conversely, mice with hyperosmia gained more weight than wild-type mice on a high-fat diet. ...

To read the full abstract: Cell Metab. 2018, 27, 689-701The gold standard for the determination of BAT activity is the measurement of glucose uptake upon cold exposure using [18F]-FDG PET/CT. However, due to the use of ionizing radiation, this technique cannot be used repeatedly in longitudinal studies in humans. Alternatively, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared fluorescence ...

Brief summary: In recent years, generation of human organoids of different tissues from human embryonic stem cells have been realized, e.g. intestine, liver, and lung among others. In contrast, so far all attempts to generate fully mature and functional human thyroid follicular cells from stem cells was not successful. Romitti et al. present for the first time successful generation of transplantable and functional human thyroid organoids derived from human embryonic s...

In Brief: This is a timely and well-written review on disorders of biomineralization and their fundamental mechanisms and by leading experts in the field. This is mandatory reading for any aspiring endocrinologist.Commentary: Biomineralization is a critical physiological process, and deviations from it can cause various diseases. Recent progress has furthered our understanding of the genetic, molecular, and cellular underpinnings of the disorders of biom...

Brief summary: This paper describes 18 patients with bi-allelic leptin deficiency (LEP, n=11) or leptin receptor deficiency (LEPR, n=7), including 10 new cases and two novel variants. In addition, in a review of the literature (until July 2022), the authors identified n=75 patients living with LEP deficiency and n=90 with LEPR deficiency (n=152 included for comparison between groups).<p class=...

Brief summary: This basic science study in mice shows how melanocortin neurons integrate reproductive signaling with energy homeostasis. In melanocortin neurons, estradiol (E2) enhances the anorectic action of leptin. Cited1 is enriched in these neurons and its loss exacerbates diet-induced obesity in female mice. Using several specific mouse models it is demonstrated how hypothalamic Cited1, via ERα and Stat3 interactions, link the effects of E2 and leptin on food intake...