ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

To read the full abstract: Diabetes Care. 2017;40:1034-1040Researchers from The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia as well as scientists from institutions from three different continents, America, Europe and Australia have combined their data from large diabetes registries in order to: examine the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in populations of patients with T1DM; investigat...

To read the full abstract: Int J Obes (Lond). 2018 Feb 27.See comment on 11.7...

To read the full abstract: Cell Metab. 2017, Volume 26, Issue 1 Riera et al. developed ways to temporarily eliminate the sense of smell in adult mice. They discovered that mice lacking smell could eat a high-fat diet and stay significantly thinner than littermates with a normal sense of smell. Conversely, mice with hyperosmia gained more weight than wild-type mice on a high-fat diet. ...

To read the full abstract: Cell Metab. 2018, 27, 689-701The gold standard for the determination of BAT activity is the measurement of glucose uptake upon cold exposure using [18F]-FDG PET/CT. However, due to the use of ionizing radiation, this technique cannot be used repeatedly in longitudinal studies in humans. Alternatively, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared fluorescence ...

To read the full abstract: JCEM 2017,102(11):4226-4234It has been recently demonstrated that activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans improves glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity and is associated with accelerated lipid metabolism (3, 4), suggesting BAT activation as an option not only for obesity prevention, but also in diabetes management. There is recent evidence that cold ex...

To read the full abstract: N Engl J Med 2017;377:633-643Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulates levels of plasma LDL-C by interacting with the LDL receptor. After binding and internalization, PCSK9 directs the LDL receptor to lysosomal degradation and inhibits its recycling to the cell surface, and thus accelerates the degradation of hepatic LDL receptors. This reduces the ...

Brief summary: In recent years, generation of human organoids of different tissues from human embryonic stem cells have been realized, e.g. intestine, liver, and lung among others. In contrast, so far all attempts to generate fully mature and functional human thyroid follicular cells from stem cells was not successful. Romitti et al. present for the first time successful generation of transplantable and functional human thyroid organoids derived from human embryonic s...

Brief summary: American Thyroid Association Guidelines for management of children with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer were published in 2015 (1). Now Lebbink et al. published management guidelines from the European Thyroid Association.Pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma is rare. For many aspects of the disease (diagnosis, treatment, follow-up) clear evidence from randomized controlled trials are therefore missing. The p...

Brief summary: This in vitro study reports that fully potent oocytes were generated from pluripotent stem cells of the tail of a sexually mature male mouse. These oocytes were able to give rise to offspring after fertilization.A particular challenge in the care of DSD patients in adulthood is the optimization of fertility potential. Fertility outcome is significantly reduced in all types of DSD depending on the underlying etiology as well as the...

Brief summary: This study evaluated the safety, tolerability and efficacy of Crinecerfont, a CRF1R antagonist in adolescents with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis and excess adrenal androgen secretion. Sufficient suppression of adrenal andogen production in classic CAH may be difficult with current formulations...