ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

Brief Summary: This large systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis investigated the association between serum TSH and FT4 concentrations and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure) and all-cause mortality. It included data from 134,346 participants, with a median age of 59 years (range 18-106) and a median follow-up of 11.5 years. The results indicate a J-shaped association between FT4 lev...

Brief Summary: This phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, randomized 91 people (10-30 years-old) diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) within the previous 100 days to receive either oral baricitinib (n=60) or placebo (n=31) for 48 weeks. Baricitinib was safe and preserved the capacity of β-cells to secrete insulin.Baricitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor blocking cytokine signalling and is already an effective disease-modifying treatm...

Brief Summary: This double-blind, multicenter trial randomized 328 children and adolescents (8-17 years-old) diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) within the past 6 weeks to receive either teplizumab or placebo for two 12-day courses. Teplizumab increased stimulated C-peptide levels after 1.5 years, indicating better preservation of β-cell function.Teplizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to CD3 on the surface of T-cells, thereby reducing the i...

Brief Summary: The Diabetes Virus Detection (DiViD) Intervention phase 2, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial randomized 96 children and adolescents (age 6-15 years) with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) to receive either the antivirals, Pleconaril and Ribavirin, (n=47) or placebo (n=49) for 6 months. The antiviral treatment improved β-cell function at 12 months, and it was well tolerated and safe.Viral infections, particularly enteroviruses, have...

Brief Summary: This observational study highlights the challenges of managing T1D in 8,004 young children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (age < 6 years) from 3 international registries: Diabetes Prospective Follow-Up Registry (DPV), T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Network (T1DX-QI), and the Australasian Diabetes Data Network (ADDN), using data collected between 2019 and 2021. More than half of included children did not achieve the recommended HbA1c target < 7.0% (53 mmol/...

Brief Summary: This prospective, pragmatic, open-label study assessed the impact of a systematic and equitable digital-health-team-based care program designed to achieve tight glycemic targets (HbA1c <7%) through early technology use and remote patient monitoring, in young people with newly diagnosed T1D. The program was successful: 68% of participants achieved target HbA1c, and an average 65% time in glucose range at one-year post-diagnosis.Despite ...

Brief Summary: This is the first International Consensus Guidance on the monitoring of children, adolescents and adults with early-stage (pre-symptomatic) Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), defined as those individuals positive for islet autoantibodies and with either normoglycemia or dysglycemia.With the progressive increase in screening programs for T1D around the world, there is a growing number of individuals identified with early-stages pre-symptomatic T1D (1)....

Brief Summary: Longitudinally collected samples from the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study were used to assess potential differences in immune responses in children at genetic risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) who later progressed to clinical disease, stratified by autoantibody appearance (IAA-first, GADA-first, ≥2 autoantibodies (AAb)-first groups). Differences in the composition of peripheral blood monoclonal cells (PBMC) were found between the IAA-fir...

Brief Summary: This longitudinal cohort study of 885 infants with high genetic risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) explored the temporal association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of T1D–associated autoimmunity. The incidence rate of islet autoantibodies was higher in children with vs. without SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (7.8 vs. 3.5 per 100 person-years). Hence, SARS-CoV-2 infection appears temporally associated with the development of islet autoantibodies.<p class...

Brief Summary: This study explored the potential causal pathways underlying the association between childhood-onset T1D and subsequent psychiatric disorders, using data from a Czech national register of 4,500 children (age ≤14 years) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and large-scale European genetic studies. Children diagnosed with T1D had an elevated risk of developing substance use, mood, anxiety and personality disorders, and behavioural syndromes. In contrast, they had a lo...