ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

To read the full abstract: FASEB J. 2019, Jul; 33: 8423–35. doi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30991836Retinoic acid (RA) is essential for the regulation of many developmental events including germ cell differentiation. In the developing testis, tight spatiotemporal control of RA levels is maintained by the enzyme CYP26B1, which inactivates RA. CYP26B1 expres...

To read the full abstract: J Endocrinol. 2020:JOE-20-0066.R2. PMID: 32380472.Human physiology and behavior are adapted to daily environmental cycles by means of endogenous circadian clocks. Biological tasks, including cell proliferation, differentiation, energy storage and immune regulation, are preferentially confined to specific periods of the 24-h cycle. This circadian rhythm derives fro...

To read the full abstract: Diabetes Care. 2019;42(9):1816–23. doi: 10.2337/dc19-0430Short summary: In this longstanding cohort study (n =1718), high intraindividual variability over time in BMI and in HDL-C during childhood, independent of their mean levels, conferred an increased risk of later-life diabetes.Comment: Intraindividual variabil...

To read the full abstract: EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Apr 30;22:100338. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100338.The gravitostat hypothesis was only recently proposed based on studies in rodents showing that the addition of external weights to the body limits the rate of weight gain, independent of leptin signalling. In rodents, this was achieved by inserting weighted balloons into the abdomina...

To read the full abstract: Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19:1302–1308.Diabetes education includes nutritional education and the provision of practical guidelines as to the interrelation between insulin requirements and carbohydrate intake. Carbohydrate (CHO) counting has therefore been a recommended daily practice to help patients to manage blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Ev...

To read the full abstract: Endocrinology. 2018 Jul 1;159(7):2676–2682.The authors compared the effects of leptin versus weight loading using intraperitoneal weighted capsules (‘gravitostat stimulation’) on changes in fat mass in mice. Leptin infusion suppressed body weight and fat mass in lean but not in overweight or obese mice. Weight loading decreased body weight in ove...

To read the full abstract: Endocr Rev 2018;39:3,333This review is interesting for several reasons. It focuses on a specific type of cells lining the wall of the third ventricle in the median eminence of the hypothalamus. This region acts both as a secretor of neuropeptides and as a sensor of the metabolic status of the periphery. These two functions imply a bidirectional physiological pathway: br...

To read the full abstract: Diabetes Care. 2018;41:326-332The question whether or not T1DM patients with low HbA1c levels, which are thought to characterize good metabolic control, in fact experience hypoglycemia and most importantly severe hypoglycemia more frequently than T1DM patients with high HbA1c levels and hence worse metabolic control has been discussed controversially. However, it is commonl...

To read the full abstract: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6(2):95-104As non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are reaching epidemic levels, emerging data elucidate the devastating non-metabolic long-term risks of overweight, obesity and diabetes. Using published relative risk analysis and cancer incidence estimates from the GLOBOCAN project, the authors provide a thorough risk analysis of si...

To read the full abstract: Indian J Pediatr 2018; 85(6):440-447In 2017, the population of India was estimated at 1.28 billion. With a birth rate of 19/1000, it means that 24.4 million babies are born each year in India. More than half of the births take place at home, in particular in rural India. Assuming an incidence of 1:2500 for congenital hypothyroidism (CH), close to 10,000 babies are b...