ISSN 1662-4009 (online)

ey0017.2-22 | Neonatal Oxytocin and Brain Development | ESPEYB17

2.22. Expression of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus is modulated by neonatal oxytocin treatment

B Filova , A Reichova , M Zatkova , A Srancikova , S Bukatova , Z Bacova , J Bakos

To read the full abstract: Neurosci Lett. 2020 Apr 23;725:134912. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134912. Epub 2020 Mar 12. PMID: 32173625Oxytocin is the main neuropeptide regulating sociality and is expressed in neurons exclusively localized in the hypothalamus. Abnormalities in oxytocin signaling are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. Oxytocin plays a role in th...

ey0017.8-2 | New Mechanisms | ESPEYB17

8.2. Cognitive dysfunction in mice lacking proper glucocorticoid receptor dimerization

K Van Looveren , M Van Boxelaere , Z Callaerts-Vegh , C Libert

To read the full abstract: PLoS One. 2019; 14(12): e0226753. PMID: 31869387.Glucocorticoids (cortisol in humans, corticosterone in most rodents) are steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex into the systemic circulation in an ultradian, circadian, and stress-related fashion under the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. These cholesterol-derived molecules partici...

ey0016.7-7 | Environmental Factors and Puberty | ESPEYB16

7.7. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances during fetal life and pubertal development in boys and girls from the Danish National Birth Cohort

A Ernst , N Brix , LLB Lauridsen , J Olsen , ET Parner , Z Liew , LH Olsen , CH Ramlau-Hansen

To read the full abstract: Environ Health Perspect. 2019 Jan;127(1):17004.This population-based cohort study suggests sex-specific associations between prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and subsequent altered pubertal development.Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) impact populations as much as individuals given their ubiquity in our e...

ey0016.14-3 | (1) | ESPEYB16

14.3. A membrane transporter is required for steroid hormone uptake in Drosophila

N Okamoto , R Viswanatha , R Bittar , Z Li , S Haga-Yamanaka , N Perrimon , N Yamanaka

To read the full abstract: Dev Cell. 2018 Nov 5;47(3):294–305.e7.Steroid hormones were believed to enter target cells via passive diffusion through the plasma membrane. This article shows that, at least for Drosophila, steroid hormones require a protein transporter to enter cells.Genomic functions of steroid hormones are mediated by intracellular nuclear recep...

ey0015.4-13 | New paradigms | ESPEYB15

4.13 An essential role for IGF2 in cartilage development and glucose metabolism during postnatal long bone growth

T Uchimura , JM Hollander , DS Nakamura , Z Liu , CJ Rosen , I Georgakoudi , L Zeng

To read the full abstract: Development 2017; 144:3533-3546Endochondral ossification is the process by which the embryonic cartilaginous scaffold of most bones is gradually replaced by bone. During this process chondrocytes proliferate, undergo hypertrophy and maturation and form the growth plate, essential for bone growth. Postnatal bone growth is tightly regulated by both systemic and lo...

ey0015.8-4 | New Mechanisms | ESPEYB15

8.4 Dynamic responses of the adrenal steroidogenic regulatory network

F Spiga , E Zavala , JJ Walker , Z Zhao , JR Terry , SL Lightman

To read the full abstract: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017; 114(31): E6466-E6474Cortisol production is tightly regulated in a dynamic way within the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal system, which seems further embedded in a wider steroidogenic regulatory network (SRN). Normally, the connection from ACTH to cortisol production is in line with the HPA axis, but there are stressful events, in which t...

ey0015.11-9 | The brain decides weight gain | ESPEYB15

11.9 Neural correlates of familial obesity risk and overweight in adolescence

S Carnell , L Benson , KY Chang , Z Wang , Y Huo , A Geliebter , BS Peterson

To read the full abstract: NeuroImage 2017; 159: 236-247The results of this study suggest that, compared to adolescents with a low risk, lean adolescents with a high familial obesity risk show a weaker activation of neural systems subserving attentional self-regulation in response to food-denoting words. These same changes were found in overweight or obese adolescents. It is interestin...

ey0021.4-2 | Important for Clinical Practice | ESPEYB21

4.2. The impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on longitudinal growth, nutritional status, and insulin-like growth factor 1 in early childhood in Leyte, the Philippines

CV Barry , SA Chrysanthopoulou , V Tallo , B Jarilla , Z Vargas , E McDonald , F Gundogan , JF Friedman

Brief Summary: This longitudinal study describes the long-term effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on early childhood development. The results clearly show that prenatal alcohol exposure impairs growth and IGF-1 levels in children, highlighting the need for public health interventions to prevent alcohol consumption during pregnancy, especially in low-resource settings.This study assessed the long-term consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on e...

ey0021.10-2 | Clinical Trials – New Treatments | ESPEYB21

10.2. Teplizumab and beta-cell function in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes

EL Ramos , CM Dayan , L Chatenoud , Z Sumnik , KM Simmons , A Szypowska , al. et

Brief Summary: This double-blind, multicenter trial randomized 328 children and adolescents (8-17 years-old) diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) within the past 6 weeks to receive either teplizumab or placebo for two 12-day courses. Teplizumab increased stimulated C-peptide levels after 1.5 years, indicating better preservation of β-cell function.Teplizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to CD3 on the surface of T-cells, thereby reducing the i...

ey0021.10-11 | New Insights | ESPEYB21

10.11. Childhood-onset type 1 diabetes and subsequent adult psychiatric disorders: a nationwide cohort and genome-wide Mendelian randomization study

T Formanek , D Chen , Z Šumnik , K Mlada , J Hughes , S Burgess , al. et

Brief Summary: This study explored the potential causal pathways underlying the association between childhood-onset T1D and subsequent psychiatric disorders, using data from a Czech national register of 4,500 children (age ≤14 years) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and large-scale European genetic studies. Children diagnosed with T1D had an elevated risk of developing substance use, mood, anxiety and personality disorders, and behavioural syndromes. In contrast, they had a lo...