ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

To read the full abstract: Science 2018;362(6416) eaau5324The hypothalamus is a highly complex region, which receives many inputs from several other brain regions and also from the periphery. It is the site of synthesis of many neuropeptides that act as neurotransmitters or via the systemic circulation (in blood). Hypothalamic nuclei are typically defined by their exact anatomical locati...

To read the full abstract: Science. 2018;362(6411).Here, developmental regulation of deiodinases DIO2 and DIO3 were identified as main regulators of thyroid hormone dependent sequential cone subtype specification in human retinal organoids. Either complete loss of thyroid hormone signaling or non-physiologically high thyroid hormone levels completely suppressed either medium and long wav...

Brief summary: In this experimental study, a transdermal polymeric microneedle (MN) patch for glucose-responsive closed-loop insulin and glucagon delivery was developed. In chemically-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) mouse and minipig models, this glucose-responsive dual-hormone MN patch demonstrated tight regulation in blood glucose.The interplay between insulin and glucagon is essential for blood glucose regulation in individuals with or without diabetes....

Brief Summary: This retrospective cohort study investigated referral closures due to reidentification with birth-registered sex at the Child and Adolescent Health Service Gender Diversity Service in Perth, the sole provider of gender-affirming medical treatment for individuals <18 years in Western Australia. Out of 548 referral closures, 29 reidentified with birth-registered sex. Only 2 did so after having started medical treatment, constituting 1.2% (95% CI, 0.1%-4.4%) of...

To read the full abstract: Nat Med. 2019 Mar;25(3):439–447.Prenatal screening for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, trisomy 13, and sex chromosome aneuploidies can be performed using next-generation sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the maternal circulation. This article describes a new non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) approach for the detection of de novo or paternally inheri...

Brief summary: In this experimental study, genome editing and in vitro pancreatic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (SC) were used to generate ZNT8 loss-of-function (LOF) SC-β-cells. These cells showed accelerated functional maturation, increased insulin secretion and improved resistance to metabolic stress. Transplantation of ZnT8 LOF SC-β-cells into mice with preexisting diabetes significantly improved their glucose levels.<...

Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020; 8(9): 748–761.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32730798/The authors report the outcomes from the pivotal phase 3 trial in patients with Cushing’s disease of osilodrostat (a potent oral inhibitor of cytochrome P450 11B1, [mitochondrial 11β-hydroxylase]). Twice-daily osilodrostat rapidly reduced mean 24-h urine free cortisol (UFC) and sustained ...

Nat Med, 2021 Jun;27(6):1088–1096. 10.1038/s41591-021-01349-y. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34045736/This paper reports the high prevalence of MC4R loss-of-function (LoF) variants in a normal population and their large impact on longitudinally assessed anthropometric traits from birth to young adult life.Th...

Program Collaborators for Environmental Influences on Child Health OutcomesJAMA Netw Open. 2022 Feb 1;5(2):e2146873. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46873. PMID: 35119461https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2788643/Brief Summary: This study describes the correlation between...

tamara.diesch@ukbb.ch.Hum Reprod. 2021; 36: 2871-82. PMID: 34529796.Brief Summary: This retrospective study of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) registry describes the natural or assisted conceptions and their outcomes in patients <18-year-old at their first transplantation who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between 1995 and 2016. <p class=...