ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

To read the full abstract: Nat Commun 2019;10:163.Central estrogen signaling via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) coordinates energy expenditure, reproduction and, in concert with peripheral estrogen, impacts skeletal homeostasis. Here, the authors showed that eliminating ERα in kisspeptin arcuate nucleus neurons resulted in high bone mass phenotype in female mice only.<p clas...

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Feb. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-02288. [Epub ahead of print]Short stature is the most common reason for referral to pediatric endocrinologists. Familial short stature (FSS) is used to describe a child with a stature below the normal but within the parental target range and with at least one short parent.In the last years, there has been a widesp...

To read the full abstract: Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018; 65(11): e27304.Observational studies in large cohorts of cancer survivors have reported that cancer survivors exposed to abdominal radiation have an increased risk of both insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, with a prolonged latency between radiation exposure and diabetes onset. The irradiation of the pancr...

To read the full abstract: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Sep 1;102(9):3261-3267At a histological level congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is classified into three forms, namely diffuse, focal and atypical. The atypical forms display histological mosacism (heterogeneous populations of islets, which appear to be resting or quiescent and localized to particular domains/lobes of the pancreas) but the m...

To read the full abstract: Sci. Signal. 2018;11:eaap9415Women are more frequently affected by autoimmune disorders than men. A role for estrogen was suggested by the observation that the development of inflammatory bowel disease was associated with oral contraceptive use. Women also respond to infection and vaccination with higher antibody production and a T helper 2 (TH2) cell&#8211...

Brief summary: In this study, 10 145 children of 1–8 years of age, selected from a prospective systematic cohort study and stratified according to HLA-risk categories for type-1-diabetes (T1D), underwent a combined evaluation of pancreatic autoimmunity, glucose metabolism and anthropometry at different timeframes. Diagnosis of T1D occurred in 131/10,145 children (1.3%). Faster height growth, both before and after age 3 years, was significantly associated with the appearan...

In Brief: Prolonged bisphosphonate treatment is associated with atypical femoral fractures (AFF). However, AFFs also occur in bisphosphonate-naïve patients, so bisphosphonate is not a prerequisite for AFF. This study found a higher yield of (likely) pathogenic variants in AFF patients with a clinical suspicion of monogenic bone disorder, stressing the importance of careful clinical evaluation of patients who present with this condition.Commentary: A...

In Brief: Current dogma is that lymphatic vessels are absent in bone and bone marrow. Using advanced 3D-imaging and mouse genetics, these authors show the presence of lymph vessels in bone. Moreover, they show that genotoxic stress causes lymph vessels expansion and lymphangiogenesis in bone, which in turn promotes bone and hematopoietic regeneration.Commentary: The lymphatic system maintains fluid homeostasis, removes cellular waste products and produce...

Brief summary: This study investigates the effect of long-acting synthetic glucocorticoids on circadian rhythmicity and hippocampal functionGlucocorticoids exert their effects by binding to glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), which regulate up to ~20% of the genome via both direct (by binding to glucocorticoid responsive elements in promoter regions) and indirect mechanisms (by interacting with bound transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers) (1...

Brief summary: In this experimental study, a transdermal polymeric microneedle (MN) patch for glucose-responsive closed-loop insulin and glucagon delivery was developed. In chemically-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) mouse and minipig models, this glucose-responsive dual-hormone MN patch demonstrated tight regulation in blood glucose.The interplay between insulin and glucagon is essential for blood glucose regulation in individuals with or without diabetes....