ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

To read the full abstract: Sci Rep 2018; 8(1):369The effect of improving socio-economic conditions on growth has been well described in Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries. For instance, in Norway, height increased by 0.3 cm every 10 years between 1830-1875 and then by 0.6 cm every 10 years between 1875-1930. However, the respective roles of nutrition and physical act...

Brief Summary: This experimental study quantified the physiological contribution of pancreatic δ-cells to the glycemic set point. It used 3 orthogonal mouse models to remove somatostatin (SST) signalling within the pancreas or transplanted islets. Ablation of δ-cells or SST decreased the glycemic set point, and the glucose threshold for insulin response from β-cells, leading to increased insulin secretion to the same glucose challenge.The ...

Cell Metab. 2020; 31(4):710–725.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.016. PMID: 32197072.In brief: High-sugar diets cause thirst, obesity and metabolic dysregulation, leading to insulin resistance, the MetS, T2DM and shortened lifespan. This study shows that high sugar diets induce dehydration in adult Drosophila. Water supplementation fully rescued the shortened lifespan, but ...

achim.kramer@charite.de Diabetes 2021;70:1985–1999http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34226282Brief Summary: This study analyzed gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue samples of adults with obesity collected before and after the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp or control saline infusion. They demonstrate that insulin regulat...

kirsty.spalding@ki.se Nat Med 2021; 27(11): 1941–1953 doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01501-8Brief Summary: This study analysed adipocytes from obese and hyperinsulinemic adults. They demonstrate that obesity is associated with the induction of a cell cycle program in mature adipocytes, leading to so-called endoreplication, as a strategy to remain fu...

To read the full abstract: Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19:1471–1480It has been debated whether or not new technologies, in particular the combination of insulin pumps and continuous glucose testing, will improve patient satisfaction and quality of life rather than only metabolic control and risk of microvascular complications. Indeed, the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (...

Brief summary: Emont et al. created a cell atlas of human and mouse white adipose tissue, which goes a long way in informing our understanding of the complexity of adipose tissue.Although adipocytes make up the largest proportion of adipose tissue volume, the cellular structure of adipose tissue is far more complex and includes adipose tissue progenitor cells (APCs), fibroblasts, vascular cells and immune cells. We are also beginning to understa...