ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

Cell Stem Cell. 2022 Feb 3;29(2):328-343.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.11.009. PMID: 34879244.Brief Summary: By applying single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to 112,376 cells of human hypothalamus ranging from 7–20 gestational weeks (GW7–20), the authors produced a spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas of human hypothalamus development and revealed critical regulatory genes control...

To read the full abstract: Diabetes Care. 2017;40:1249-1255Children and adolescents who present in ketoacidosis at manifestation of the disease might represent a subgroup of patients that may have less resilience factors in their families, less adherence to medical advice, might be less attentive to medical symptoms and might be less knowledgeable of medical issues. In addition, they may carry biolog...

To read the full abstract: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017;8:170Increasing sedentary behaviours and availability of high energy dense processed foods are the obvious culprits to explain the trends towards more overweight and obese populations around the world. However, we should remember that many other hypotheses are proposed, including higher ambient room temperatures due to ce...

Brief Summary: This review evaluated the impact of gene mutations in the leptin-melanocortin pathway on short- and long-term outcomes after bariatric surgery, which is still the most effective treatment for severe obesity. This topic is of high clinical relevance, since such mutations play an important role in hunger regulation and energy homeostasis [1, 2] and may therefore confer weight regain after bariatric surgery [3]. To date there have been few publications, often with ...

To read the full abstract: Science 2018;360:1087-1092During the Cardiovascular Risk Survey in western China, a Kazakh family with inherited low levels of LDL-C was identified. The Kazakhs are mainly descendent from the Turkic and medieval Mongol peoples, they live in isolated regions and usually marry within their own ethnic group. They exhibit often unique differences in single nucleotide vari...

Brief summary: Using in-depth multi-omics analyses of human type 1 diabetes (T1D) samples, the authors profiled gut microbial functional and metabolic alterations. The T1D microbiota showed decreased butyrate production and bile acid metabolism and increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis. Fecal microbiota transplantation in animal models proved that T1D gut microflora is a causative factor in the regulation of glucose metabolism.The etiology of T...