ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

Brief Summary: This is the first International Consensus Guidance on the monitoring of children, adolescents and adults with early-stage (pre-symptomatic) Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), defined as those individuals positive for islet autoantibodies and with either normoglycemia or dysglycemia.With the progressive increase in screening programs for T1D around the world, there is a growing number of individuals identified with early-stages pre-symptomatic T1D (1)....

Brief Summary: This longitudinal cohort study of 885 infants with high genetic risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) explored the temporal association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of T1D–associated autoimmunity. The incidence rate of islet autoantibodies was higher in children with vs. without SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (7.8 vs. 3.5 per 100 person-years). Hence, SARS-CoV-2 infection appears temporally associated with the development of islet autoantibodies.<p class...

T1DI Study Group. Nat Commun. 2022 Mar 21;13(1):1514. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35314671/Brief Summary: This study of 5 birth cohorts of individuals at high risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D) used machine learning methods to explore trajectories from autoantibodies appearance to T1D progression. They identified 11 distinct latent health states and individuals progressed according to one o...

JAMA. 2020;323(4):339–351. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.21565This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pre-symptomatic T1D in young children participating in a public health screening program for islet autoantibodies and the risk for progression to clinical T1D in children carrying multiple autoantibodies. On screening, 0.03% were found to have clinical T1D. Of the 0.31% who were foun...

Nature. 2021;600(7890):720-6. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04137-3.PubMed ID: 34880500Brief summary: This mouse study identifies FABP4 (‘Fabkin’) as a new fat-derived hormone that regulates insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.We have learnt over the recent years that body fat is not simply a passive energy storage tissue, but instead secretes a number o...

To read the full abstract: JAMA. 2020 Jan 28;323(4):339–351. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.21565. PMID: 31990315It is unclear how many children in the general population have features of anti-islet cell autoimmunity without later developing type 1 diabetes (T1DM). This public health screening program determined the population prevalence of islet cell autoantibodies (ICA) and the risk for pro...

Brief summary: In this longitudinal study, blood glucose trajectories and their relationship with autoantibodies appearance were assessed in 1050 children with high genetic risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) between 4 months and 3.6 years. Post-prandial blood glucose levels increased around 2 months prior to autoantibody seroconversion, with further increases thereafter, suggesting that islet autoimmunity co-occurs or follows insults on the β-cells.This ...