ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

To read the full abstract: Cell 2017, Volume 171, Issue 2Here, the group of Jerrold Olefsky identified adipose tissue macrophages as important sources of microRNAs regulating metabolic processes not only within the adipose tissue depot, but also in an endocrine way in other distant tissues. The application of exosomes derived from ATMs isolated from obese mice caused insulin resistance both ...

To read the full abstract: Nat Commun. 2018 19;9:2394.“Somatopause” causes the physiological decline over time in GH secretion leading to low IGF-I levels in aging subjects. GH has been proposed as an anti-aging therapy, but with no evidence of beneficial effects and with some potential risks [1,2]. Therefore, current guidelines do not recommend GH therapy as anti-aging treatme...

In Brief: The authors conducted genome sequencing on 151 mother–father–offspring trios from 68 vertebrate animal species in order to estimate and compare germline mutation rates (GMRs). They found a 40-fold variation in GMR per generation between the species. Higher GMRs were observed in species that have a longer generation time, older age at puberty and fewer offspring per generation.Comment: Mutations in germline DNA during gametogenesis are...

Brief summary: This randomized, multicenter, controlled, phase II study compared the effects of high-dose (HD) once-weekly PEGylated-recombinant human growth hormone (PEG-rhGH) to low-dose (LD) and to an untreated control group of children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) over a period of 52 weeks. PEG-rhGH was effective in increasing height gain in a dose dependent manner with both doses being well tolerated during the observation period.PEG-rhGH is ...