ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

Brief summary: This translational study highlights the importance of 2 novel endocytic receptors that are involved in cellular androgen uptake and in the pathogenesis of androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) type II.Steroids circulate in complex with plasma transfer proteins, and specific endocytic receptors can mediate cellular uptake of transfer protein/ligand complexes. Reduced intracellular hormone concentrations resulting from impaired hormone uptak...

Endocrine. 2022 Jun;76(3):722-732. PMID: 35258786, doi: 10.1007/s12020-022-03017-8.Brief Summary: In this multicentre, randomized, double-dummy, double-blind crossover trial the authors investigated differences in metabolic parameters between the individuals with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) receiving testosterone versus estradiol replacement therapy. This is the first s...

Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Oct;6(10):771–780.doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30197-9.For the first time a prospective randomized treatment study has been performed for individuals with a DSD. This national multi-center, double-blind, randomized, cross-over trial compared estrogen therapy to androgen replacement in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome ...

Brief summary: This ex vivo/ in vitro study describes a novel regulatory mechanism of androgen receptor (AR) gene transcription by intranuclear actin assembly in droplets upon dihydrotestosterone (DHT) stimulation mediated by DAAM2 (Dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 2) gene.Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a common etiology in individuals with 46, XY disorder/differences of sex development, AIS has diverse genita...

Brief summary: Two unrelated patients with a disorder of sex development (DSD) phenotype of partial androgen insensitivity (PAIS) showed heterozygous variants in the DAAM2 gene. Their genital skin fibroblasts showed reduced dihydrotestosterone-stimulated androgen receptor (AR) activity. Extensive basic studies revealed the underlying mechanism of the DSD in which DAAM2-regulated actin polymerization at the ligand-inducible androgen receptor is required for androgen-st...

Eur J Endocrinol. 2020 Jun;182(6):P1–P15. doi: 10.1530/EJE-19-0831. PMID: 32268295.This paper describes the concerted efforts of the EU COST Action DSDNet and the European network for rare endocrine diseases Endo-ERN. A total of 33 laboratories were involved and they describe state of the art assessments of the peptide hormones: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH)...

To read the full abstract: Eur J Endocrinol. 2020, Jun; 182: P1–p15; doi: https://eje.bioscientifica.com/downloadpdf/journals/eje/182/6/EJE-19-0831.pdfDiagnosis and monitoring of therapies for DSD patients require clinical, biochemical and genetic assessments. Biochemical analyses comprise the measurements of peptide and steroid hormones. This positi...

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Dec 1;103(12):4617–4627.doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-00052. PMID: 30124873This study shows for the first time that epigenetic changes in the androgen receptor gene (AR) proximal promoter region may underlie a clinical phenotype of Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) in individuals in whom no DNA sequence mutation in AR or ...

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2022 Feb;96(2):165-174. PMID: 34668586, doi: 10.1111/cen.14614.Brief Summary: This retrospective case-control study used data from the international DSD registry to investigate the long-term outcomes of males born small for gestational age (SGA) with hypospadias/DSD. A large cohort of 179 boys (115 males born SGA; 64 appropriate for gestational age) was investigated for growt...

To read the full abstract: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019, Oct 1; 104: 4366–81. doi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31127831This retrospective observational study compared long-term health outcomes between 46,X/46,XY individuals diagnosed early in life due to genital anomalies (n =35) and those diagnosed later due other reasons (n =28). Data came from 16 clinic...