ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

In brief: This up-to-date and very clear review describes the diagnosis and management of primary or secondary bone fragility in children and adolescents.Commentary: The field of bone fragility in children has evolved considerably in recent years, particularly in terms of diagnosis and management. This progress has been made possible in particular by the discovery of new genes involved in childhood-onset bone fragility, and also by a better understanding...

In brief: This report describes the efficacy and safety of burosumab during the open-label extension period of the original Phase 3 study (weeks 64-88) in 21 children with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) who continued to receive burosumab or crossed over from conventional therapy to burosumab.Commentary: X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare inherited disorder of phosphorus metabolism caused by loss-of-function mutations in the PHEX gene, re...

In brief: This article reviews the evidence and provides expert opinion on the safe and appropriate use of denosumab in children and adolescents with RANKL-mediated disorders such as giant cell bone tumours, fibrous dysplasia and juvenile Paget’s disease.Commentary: Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) is expressed by osteogenic cells and induces osteoclast differentiation by binding to RANK on osteoclast precursors. Excessive...