ISSN 1662-4009 (online)

ey0016.6-19 | Transgender Reviews | ESPEYB16

6.19 Management of endocrine disease: approach to the management of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria

L Martinerie , A Condat , A Bargiacchi , C Bremont-Weill , MC de Vries , SE Hannema

Eur J Endocrinol. 2018 Oct 12;179(5):R219–R237.doi: 10.1530/EJE-18-0227. PubMed ID: 30049812The rapidly increasing number of adolescents with gender dysphoria represents a challenge for psychiatric assessments and the endocrine management of those who are considered to warrant gender change. The diagnostics are more than complicated and the clinical management from ...

ey0016.8-1 | Mechanism of the Year: Endogenous glucocorticoids suppress immunopathology and promote host resistance to viral infection without compromising protective immunity | ESPEYB16

8.1. Endogenous glucocorticoids control host resistance to viral infection through the tissue-specific regulation of PD-1 expression on NK cells

L Quatrini , E Wieduwild , B Escaliere , J Filtjens , L Chasson , C Laprie , E Vivier , S Ugolini

To read the full abstract: Nat Immunol. 2018; 19(9): 954–962.The immune system protects the host organism against infectious diseases, however, pathogen elimination frequently entails collateral tissue damage and inflammation, which decrease host fitness (1). Neuroendocrine-immune interactions play an important role in these regulatory processes (2, 3). Endogenous glucocorticoids (c...

ey0016.10-12 | (1) | ESPEYB16

10.12. Efficacy of growth hormone treatment in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and growth hormone deficiency - An analysis of KIGS data

W Bonfig , A Lindberg , M Carlsson , W Cutfield , D Dunger , C Camacho-Hubner , RW Holl

To read the full abstract: J Pediatr. 2018 Jul;198:260–264This study aimed to analyze growth hormone (GH) doses and first-year growth response in prepubertal patients with the combination of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and growth hormone deficiency (GHD).A total of 69 patients with T1D and GHD treated with GH have been enrolled in KIGS (Pfizer International Growth D...

ey0016.10-18 | (1) | ESPEYB16

10.18. Association of rotavirus vaccination with the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children

Perrett Kirsten P , Jachno Kim , Nolan Terry M , Harrison Leonard C

To read the full abstract: JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(3):280–282.For many years, it has been put forward that enterovirus infections might precede type 1 diabetes onset and that there might be a link between the two diseases. This study simply shows that it is still not the time to draw firm and clear conclusions as to whether or not enteroviruses do play a role in the pathogenesis of a...

ey0016.11-8 | Metabolic Signaling | ESPEYB16

11.8. An endothelial-to-adipocyte extracellular vesicle axis governed by metabolic state

C Crewe , N Joffin , JM Rutkowski , M Kim , F Zhang , DA Towler , R Gordillo , PE Scherer

To read the full abstract: Cell. 2018; 175(3): 695–708This paper demonstrates for the first time the existence of extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated signaling between cell types within the adipose tissue. The results of various experiments show a network of EV-mediated exchange of cellular material in adipose tissue. This newly discovered EV trafficking in adipose tissue...

ey0016.15-18 | (1) | ESPEYB16

15.18. The gravitostat regulates fat mass in obese male mice while leptin regulates fat mass in lean male mice

C Ohlsson , DA Hagg , F Hammarhjelm , A Dalmau Gasull , J Bellman , SH Windahl , V Palsdottir , JO Jansson

To read the full abstract: Endocrinology. 2018 Jul 1;159(7):2676–2682.The authors compared the effects of leptin versus weight loading using intraperitoneal weighted capsules (‘gravitostat stimulation’) on changes in fat mass in mice. Leptin infusion suppressed body weight and fat mass in lean but not in overweight or obese mice. Weight loading decreased body weight in ove...

ey0015.1-3 | New mechanisms | ESPEYB15

1.3 Hypothalamic stem cells control ageing speed partly through exosomal miRNAs

Y Zhang , MS Kim , B Jia , J Yan , JP Zuniga-Hertz , C Han , D Cai

To read the full abstract: Nature 2017;548:52-57The central nervous system contributes to ageing. The hypothalamus seems to be particularly important in this process. Recent studies have demonstrated a link between ageing and a decrease of neurogenesis in the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle in the brain. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC) reside in those regions in ...

ey0015.1-4 | New mechanisms | ESPEYB15

1.4 Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 is essential for normal hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis function

H Eachus , C Bright , VT Cunliffe , M Placzek , JD Wood , PJ Watt

To read the full abstract: Hum Mol Genet 2017;26:1992-2005Mutations in human DISC1 have been previously associated with mental illness, such as schizophrenia and depression. Moreover, DISC1 has been shown to be important in regulating CNS neurogenesis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. However the mechanism by which DISC1 causes mental illness is not known. In this elegant work, Eachus <...

ey0015.2-19 | Novel mechanisms of islet dysfunction in intrauterine growth restricted rats | ESPEYB15

Novel mechanisms of islet dysfunction in intrauterine growth restricted rats

CS Rashid , YC Lien , A Bansal , LJ Jaeckle-Santos , C Li , KJ Won , RA Simmons

To read the full abstract: Endocrinology. 2018 Feb 1;159(2):1035-1049Placental insufficiency leads to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) which in the fetus leads to hypoxemia and hypoglycemia. IUGR fetuses are charaterised by having higher circulating catecholamine concentrations and lower circulating insulin concentrations, as well as impaired glucose stimulated insulin secretion. In cases o...

ey0015.3-6 | Maternal thyroid disease during pregnancy | ESPEYB15

3.6 Maternal thyroid function and child educational attainment: prospective cohort study

SM Nelson , C Haig , A Mc Connachie , N Sattar , SM Ring , GD Smith , DA Lawlor , RS Lindsay

To read the full abstract: BMJ 2018;360:k452The role of thyroid hormones during early gestation is well established by animal studies. In humans, previous studies have shown that maternal hypothyroxinemia was associated with either an early reduction in psychomotor scales (e.g. Bayley scale of infant development) or later in late infancy or adolescence. However, randomized controlled trials on...