ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

To read the full abstract: J Pediatr 2018; 198: 260-264The incidence of T1DM in children <15 years is increasing at an overall annual relative rate of 3.9% (95% CI 3.6-4.2) [11]. The prevalence of GHD is estimated at approximately 1:4000 to 1:10000 [12-14]. Management of the very rare patients who have both T1DM and GHD raises questions of efficacy and safety of ...

To read the full abstract: J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:917-925SGA is often defined as a birth weight and/or length < −2 SDS for gestational age and gender [43]. A frequent cause of SGA is fetal growth restriction (FGR), often associated with perinatal mortality and morbidity and also implicated in a higher risk of cardio-metabolic disease in adulthood. ...

To read the full abstract: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102:4578-4587In chronic inflammatory diseases, inflammatory cytokines and exogenous glucocorticoid exposure affect growth through systemic effects on the GH–IGF-1 axis and local effects on the growth plates. Low plasma IGF-1 levels are related to systemic GH insufficiency or to hepatic GH resistance. Changes in IGF binding proteins ha...

To read the full abstract: J Endocrinol Invest. 2018;41:325-331Growth failure is common in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has a multifactorial etiology. The hypothalamus-pituitary axis is intact, but there is a resistance to growth hormone (GH) action in target tissues, secondary to decreased density of GH receptors, impaired signal transduction and reduced levels of free insu...

To read the full abstract: Journal of Pediatrics 2018;192:105-114Rising degree of obesity has been shown to predict increased metabolic risk in obese children and adolescents (1). Nonetheless, it is unclear if BMI categories can be successfully applied to populations of obese children and adolescents for a risk-adapted stratification of therapeutic approaches, and here especially for the in...

To read the full abstract: Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19: (6) 1124In this cross-sectional study performed in Haiti, the authors found that 18% of the children and adolescents with diabetes had signs of retinopathy and that 16% had a cataract. This prevalence is clearly much higher than reported in young patients with diabetes living in high-income countries. Importantly, ocular complications occurred ea...

This GWAS meta-analysis combined data from five well known ethnically diverse cohorts (Framingham Heart Study, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, Taiwan-Metabochip Study for Cardiovascular Disease, and Singapore Prospective Study) to evaluate glycemic and erythrocytic genetic variants impacting HbA1c in individuals of European, African American, and East Asians ancestry. The study found new and known glycemic and...

Brief summary: This study further explores the sex differences in autoimmune regulation and the control of normal inflammatory responses, and also helps us understand why there are sex differences in the aetiology of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It demonstrates the changes that occur in cisgender pubertal development on the T regulatory cell (Treg), B cell and monocyte population, and using samples from transgender adolescents undergoing GnRH...

Brief summary: This long-term longitudinal study of 437 Danish girls shows that AMH level measured in infancy is a useful tool to predict future ovarian activity.Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by granulosa cells in small ovarian follicles and thus reflects the ovarian reserve of resting primordial follicles (1). High AMH concentrations are observed in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) (2), while low age-specific AMH could be as...

Brief summary: This prospective longitudinal study of childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) analysed areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and alterations of bone microstructure in 49 young adult male patients with childhood-onset IBD, compared to 249 controls from the same region and matched for age, sex and height.Dual x-ray-absorptiometry (DXA) is routinely used in clinical practice to evaluate aBMD and the related risk of fracture, but it is u...