ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

To read the full abstract: J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018;103:1583-1591The Controlled Antenatal Thyroid Screening (CATS) study started in 2002 and was the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of screening and treatment of mild hypothyroidism during pregnancy on child cognition1. A large number of women (n=21,846) were recruited at a median ...

To read the full abstract: Sci Rep. 2017; 7(1): 7427Prenatal dexamethasone treatment has been suggested over three decades ago to prevent virilization of a female fetus affected with 21-hydroxylase deficiency due to genetic mutations in the CYP21A2 gene. However, current treatment guidelines for CAH regard this treatment still as experimental, mainly because follow-up studies of treated fetu...

To read the full abstract: N Engl J Med. 2018; 378(9): 797-808Sepsis has been identified by the WHO as a global health priority, however, there has been no proven pharmacologic treatment other than the appropriate antibiotic agents, fluids and vasopressors as required. Reported death rates among hospitalized patients with sepsis range between 30-45% (22). Glucocorticoids have been used as ...

Brief summary: In this experimental study, pancreas-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) were implanted into the kidney capsule of mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. PMSCs led to increased levels of IL-6 in T-helper 1 and T-helper 17 cells, which transiently activated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which in turn decreased levels of interleukin-17. This was associated with exocrine pancreas regeneration and rescue of ...

Genes Dev. 2021;35(5–6):367–378. doi: 10.1101/gad.345686.120.The longstanding concept of thyroid hormone (TH) action is summarized as the canonical switch model. This study adds important aspects of TH action to our current understanding, modifying this longstanding switch model to a “shift” model.According to the current concept, TH dependent gene...

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106: e1002–e1013. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33141175/This cross-sectional study applied a commonly used system to classify reproductive aging (Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop +10 or ‘STRAW +10’) to 338 adolescents and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors (1). The study aimed to evaluate if STRAW +10 correctly identifies premature ovaria...

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;168:108372. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108372Here, the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology carried out a literature search in Medline and Embase and also Diabetes Societies websites until May 21st, 2020 for guidelines and recommendations on T1D management during the COVID-19 pandemic. They state that there is currently no evidenc...

Pediatr Diabetes 2020;1–8. doi: 10.1111/pedi.13137– As part of the SWEET initiative, the authors analyzed the clinical characteristics of 26,726 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) aged < 21 years living in Europe, Asia/Middle East/Africa, Australia/New Zealand, North America and South America– Among patient care indicators, the percent of HbA1c < 7.5% ranged between r...

Nature, 2020. 580, 511–516.https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2199-7 The authors identify in mice a population of neurons in the vagal ganglia and brainstem that are activated by the direct delivery of sugar but not artificial sweeteners to the gut. They genetically engineered changes in this gut-to-brain circuit. Silencing of synaptic activity in this circuit prevented...

Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Jun 11;9:669354. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.669354. eCollection 2021. PMID: 34249923Brief Summary: This in vitro study analyzed the transcriptome of the developing thyroid gland in human embryonic thyroids compared to non-thyroidal human embryonic tissues and adult thyroid and adult non-thyroidal tissues. They identified four differently regulated sets of gen...